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本文运用彼得·霍尔(Peter Hall)政策范式理论,分析中国发展政策领域的范式变化。自1949年以来,中国的发展政策共经历三个明显的范式阶段:赶超发展政策范式(直到20世纪70年代末),单纯经济增长(GDP主义)政策范式(1978—2003),以及正在形成的以人为本的新发展政策范式(2003年开始)。第一阶段的发展政策主要受到政治意识形态和国家领导入主观愿望的影响,群众动员和政治强制是主要的政策工具。第二阶段,自改革开放伊始,发展政策主要由追求GDP数值所主导,权力下放和市场化是主要的政策工具。然而,自20世纪90年代中期以来,中国的经济、社会和环境领域所出现的急剧变化使得GDP主义政策难以为继。旧的政策范式受到了挑战,政策制定者开始寻求新的政策范式。“科学发展观”的形成标志着中国发展政策范式第三阶段的出现。在第三阶段中,以人为本的发展观正在形成,它展示着中国发展政策的新范式。这个新范式转向到充分考虑经济发展、社会发展和环境保护三者的平衡。
In this paper, Peter Hall’s paradigm of policy paradigm is used to analyze the paradigm shift in China’s development policy. Since 1949, China’s development policies have undergone three obvious paradigm stages: catching up with the development policy paradigm (until the late 1970s), the simple economic growth (GDP doctrine) policy paradigm (1978-2003), and the emerging People-centered new development policy paradigm (beginning in 2003). The first stage of development policy is mainly influenced by the political ideology and the national leadership into the subjective desire. Mass mobilization and political coercion are the main policy tools. In the second stage, from the beginning of reform and opening up, development policies were dominated by the pursuit of GDP figures. Decentralization and marketization were the major policy instruments. However, the drastic changes that have taken place in China’s economic, social and environmental fields since the mid-1990s have made the GDP-based policy unsustainable. The old policy paradigm has been challenged, and policymakers have started to seek new policy paradigms. The formation of the “scientific concept of development” marks the emergence of the third phase of China’s development policy paradigm. In the third phase, a people-centered concept of development is taking shape, demonstrating a new paradigm for China’s development policy. This new paradigm has shifted to taking full account of the balance between economic development, social development and environmental protection.