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甲午战争后的一个时期,中国农业自由雇佣劳动和资本主义性质的雇工经营都有明显发展,部分地区开始了农业劳动力的商品化进程。但是,这种发展很不充分,农业资本主义相当微弱,农业劳动力的商品化进程远没有完成。一方面,在多数情况下,家族劳动仍是农业劳动的基本形式,雇佣劳动只是一种补充和调剂;另一方面,相当一部分雇佣劳动也不具有自由的性格,封建色彩或前资本主义色彩仍然十分浓厚。同时,各个地区的发展极不平衡。在一部分地区,自由雇佣劳动已占居主导地位,而在另一些地区,封建性的乃至奴隶式的雇佣劳动仍然相当普遍。即使在同一地区,雇佣劳动的性质也往往因雇主身份而异。同一雇主也可使用不同性质的雇佣劳动。这反映了甲午战争后农业雇佣劳动的复杂性。本文着重讨论这一时期农业雇佣劳动的封建性问题。
During the period after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, both the free-hired labor in agriculture and the capitalist-employed workers in China had made remarkable progress. In some areas, the commercialization of agricultural labor force started. However, this development is not sufficient, agricultural capitalism is rather weak and the process of commercialization of agricultural labor is far from complete. On the one hand, in most cases, family labor is still the basic form of agricultural labor, and wage labor is only a supplement and adjustment; on the other hand, a considerable part of wage labor is not free, and feudal or pre-capitalist still Very strong. At the same time, the development in various regions is extremely uneven. In some areas, free wage labor has dominated, while in other areas feudal and even slave-type wage labor remains fairly widespread. Even in the same area, the nature of wage labor often depends on the identity of the employer. The same employer can also use different types of wage labor. This reflects the complexity of agricultural wage labor after the Sino-Japanese War. This article focuses on the issue of feudalism in agricultural wage labor during this period.