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采用田间取样、土样实验室分析以及统计分析等方法,对新疆玛纳斯河中游灌区漫灌、滴灌2种灌溉方式下棉田土壤含盐量在棉花全生长季的变化进行定量分析。结果表明:从土层角度分析,漫灌棉田0-100cm整个剖面土层以及各土层土壤平均盐分值低于滴灌棉田;漫灌棉花生长期内土壤盐分主要集中在40-60cm土层,而滴灌棉田土壤盐分主要集中在20-40cm土层;滴灌棉花生长期内各土层土壤盐分分布较漫灌棉田土壤盐分更均匀。从时间角度分析,漫灌棉田0-100cm整个剖面土层以及各土层盐分峰值出现的时间早于滴灌棉田;漫灌棉花生长期内各土层盐分峰值出现在5月或6月份,而滴灌棉田各土层盐分峰值出现在6月或7月份,6月或7月是漫灌、滴灌棉田垂直土层盐分分布比较均匀的时间。研究结论对减缓土壤盐渍化、指导灌溉施肥管理以及改善可持续土地利用的可能措施均有积极意义。
Field sampling, soil sample analysis and statistical analysis were used to quantitatively analyze the changes of soil salinity in cotton field during the whole growing season under two kinds of irrigation modes of flood and drip irrigation in the middle reaches of Manasi River, Xinjiang. The results showed that: from the aspect of soil layer, the average soil salinity in the 0-100cm soil layer and the soil layers in the flood-irrigation cotton field were lower than those in the drip-irrigation cotton field. The soil salinity mainly distributed in the soil layer of 40-60cm during the flood-irrigation period, Soil salinity mainly concentrated in the 20-40cm soil layer. During the growth period of drip irrigation cotton, soil salinity distribution in all soil layers was more uniform than that in floodplain cotton fields. From the point of view of time, the time of salt peak in the 0-100cm soil layer and the soil salt peak appeared earlier in drip irrigation cotton field than in drip irrigation cotton field; the salt peak of each soil layer appeared in May or June during the period of flood irrigation cotton, The peak value of soil salinity appeared in June or July, and June or July was flood irrigation. The vertical distribution of salt content in drip irrigation cotton fields was relatively uniform. The conclusions of the study are of positive significance for slowing soil salinization, guiding the management of irrigation and fertilization, and possible measures to improve sustainable land use.