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为缓解农药过量施用带来的诸多负面影响,亟需采取有效措施诱导农户合理施用农药,利用山东省苹果种植户调查数据,采用Heckman两步估计模型实证分析了合作社对农户农药施用行为的影响及其作用机理。结果表明,苹果专业合作社、户主性别、户主文化程度、家庭年纯收入、种植规模和农药危害性认知等因素对农户农药施用具有显著性影响,在控制其他因素的条件下,参与苹果专业合作社能够使农户减少农药施用水平约2 235元/hm2,其原因在于合作社实施了农药残留检测、农药施用控制、浮动定价制度和生产过程监督等选择性激励措施;户主性别和种植规模对农户农药施用的影响显著为正,而户主文化程度、家庭年纯收入和农药危害性认知等因素对农户农药施用的影响则显著为负。
In order to alleviate the negative impacts caused by pesticide overuse, it is urgent to take effective measures to induce farmers to use pesticides rationally. Based on the survey data of apple growers in Shandong Province, the Heckman two-step estimation model is used to empirically analyze the influence of cooperatives on pesticide application behavior of farmers. Its mechanism of action. The results showed that apple professional cooperatives, head of household gender, head of household culture, family annual net income, planting size and pesticide hazard cognition and other factors have a significant impact on farmers pesticide application, under the control of other factors, to participate in Apple Professional Cooperatives The reason is that cooperatives have implemented such selective incentive measures as pesticide residue testing, pesticide application control, floating pricing system and supervision of production process. The household gender and planting scale have the effect on pesticide application The positive impact was significant, while the impact of household education level, household annual net income and pesticide hazard cognition on pesticide application by farmers was significantly negative.