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目的了解25 a间土家族、苗族学生体质状况及其变化,为土家族、苗族学生体质健康水平的提高提供参考依据。方法利用土家族、苗族学生1985年与2010年体质健康调研所获得的数据,比较分析2个民族学生身体形态、身体机能和身体素质的变化。结果 25 a间,土家族男、女身高分别平均增长3.38,3.22 cm,苗族男、女平均增长3.88,3.60cm;体重平均增长4.12,2.52 kg和3.17,2.62 kg;胸围(除苗族女生出现下降外)均出现不同程度增长,分别为1.50,2.91 cm和1.87,-1.48 cm;肺活量平均下降228.8,308.6 mL和84.4,228.7 mL;50 m跑平均增长0.02,-0.28 s和-0.07,-0.25 s;斜身引体(男)平均增长7.26,19.36次,引体向上(男)平均下降0.70,0.68次,仰卧起坐(女)平均增长5.69,6.01次/min;立定跳远平均增长0.99,-0.26 cm和12.75,9.94 cm;50 m×8往返跑平均下降7.89,5.64 s和5.31,5.15 s,1 000 m跑(男生)和800m跑(女生),土家族男、女平均下降23.60,24.40 s,苗族男、女平均下降19.98,14.93 s;立位体前屈平均增长0.25,1.28 cm和2.63,2.35 cm。结论苗族学生体质状况相对比土家族学生要好。应针对土家族、苗族学生体质状况及其发展趋势提出相应的干预措施,促进土家族、苗族学生体质发展。
Objective To understand the physical status and changes of Tujia and Miao students during the 25-year period and to provide reference for the improvement of physical health of Tujia and Miao students. Methods Based on the data obtained from the 1985 and 2010 Physical Health Survey conducted by Tujia and Miao students, the changes of body shape, body function and physical fitness of 2 ethnic minority students were analyzed. Results After 25 years, the average height of Tujia men and women increased by 3.38 and 3.22 cm respectively. The average growth of Miao men and women was 3.88 and 3.60 cm. The average weight gain was 4.12, 2.52 kg and 3.17, 22.62 kg respectively. ) Were increased by 1.50, 2.91 cm and 1.87, -1.48 cm respectively. The average vital capacity decreased by 228.8, 308.6 mL and 84.4,228.7 mL respectively. The mean growth of 50 m was 0.02, -0.28 s and -0.07, -0.25 (male) average increase of 7.26,19.36 times, pull-down (male) down 0.70,0.68 times on average, sit-ups (female) an average increase of 5.69,6.01 times / min; standing long jump average growth of 0.99, -0.26 cm and 12.75,9.94 cm, respectively; meanwhile, the average runoff of 50 m × 8 trains decreased by 7.89, 5.64 s and 5.31, 5.55 s on average, while that of Tujia men and women decreased by 23.60 on average at 1 000 m (boys) and 800 m (girls) 24.40 s, Miao men and women decreased by an average of 19.98 and 14.93 s respectively. Anterior flexion increased 0.25, 1.28 cm and 2.63, 2.35 cm on average. Conclusion The physical condition of Miao students is better than Tujia students. Tujia and Miao students should be based on their physical status and development trends to put forward appropriate interventions to promote Tujia and Miao students physical development.