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极性词语是指某些词语只能用于肯定或否定等语境中的一种现象。本文以汉语极量极性词语为例,揭示极性词语的使用规则,旨在说明语法不是所谓的公理和客观世界的规律的直接投射,相反,至少在极性词语这点上,语法反映了修辞功能在交际中的规约化和固着化,语法是受语用管约的结果。极量极性词语具有夸张和低调陈述的修辞功能,讲话人藉极量极性词语来加强和减弱语气。命题角色对极向具有控制作用。命题陈述与预设的事件结构相对立的规律是限制增强型极量极性词语使用的语用合适性条件之一。语境效果也是衡量极量极性词语的语用合适性的重要参数。本文先介绍极性词语及其研究历史,讨论石毓智先生(2001)对极性词语的阐释,指出其值得商榷的地方,然后提出我们的看法。
Polar words are words that can only be used in the context of affirmation or negation. In this paper, we take polar words in Chinese as an example to reveal the rules for the use of polar terms in order to show that grammar is not a direct projection of the so-called axioms and laws of the objective world. On the contrary, at least in terms of polar terms, grammar reflects Rhetoric function in the communication of the standardization and fixation, the grammar is the result of the pragmatic control. Extremely polar terms have exaggerated and low-key rhetorical statements, and speakers use polar terms to reinforce and diminish their tone. Propositional characters have control over the polarities. Propositional statements and the default structure of the event is the opposite of the law to limit the use of enhanced polar terms pragmatic one of the conditions. Contextual effects are also important parameters in measuring the pragmatic fit of polar terms. This article first introduces the polar terms and their research history, discussing Mr. Shi Yuzhi (2001) on the interpretation of polar terms, point out that it is debatable, and then put forward our views.