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目前临床使用的口服剂有磺酰脲类(SU)和双胍(BG)两种。1.作用机理SU有刺激胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素的作用,例如发现在SU对血糖控制较好的病例,其血中胰岛素增加。但仍有许多病例经持续治疗,尽管血糖维持正常水平,而血中胰岛素含量却又降到SU治疗前的低值。由此可见SU的降糖作用不仅是刺激胰岛素分泌,还有胰腺外的抗糖尿病作用,可能是提高胰岛素靶组织对胰岛素的感受性,即所谓胰腺外用,但至今对其机理仍然不完全清楚。没有发现SU引起靶器官的胰岛素受体数量、亲和性有很大的变化,推论可能是作用胰岛素受体后的调节而调节胰岛素,但胰岛必须存在一定的功能。
Currently used in clinical oral sulfonylureas (SU) and biguanide (BG) two. 1. The mechanism of action SU stimulating islet β cells to secrete insulin, for example, found in SU for better blood sugar control cases, the blood insulin increased. However, there are still many cases of continuous treatment, although the normal blood glucose levels, but the blood insulin levels fell to the low value of SU before treatment. This shows that SU hypoglycemic effect is not only to stimulate insulin secretion, as well as anti-pancreatic anti-diabetic effect may be to improve insulin target tissue insulin sensitivity, the so-called pancreas, but so far the mechanism is still not fully understood. SU did not find the number of target organs caused by insulin receptors, there is a great change in affinity, inference may be the regulation of insulin receptors after the regulation of insulin, but the islets must have some function.