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目的了解新疆地区HIV感染者/AIDS患者膳食模式、膳食营养素摄入量和相关知识─态度─行为(KAP),为制定科学的膳食模式提供依据。方法采用营养流行病学的方法,设计膳食摄入情况以及相关行为调查表,确定感染者/患者的膳食摄入状况及行为相关情况。结果 109例调查对象中以农民和无业者最多,分别占39.4%、33.9%,文化程度小学及以下者占40.4%;膳食结构中豆类及其制品摄入者仅占11.9%,动物性食物者占25.6%,其他畜禽肉、海产品类摄入甚少;除了膳食结构不合理外,患者中吸烟(χ2=39.64)、饮酒(χ2=6.65)分别占43.1%和10.1%,且男女间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);平时体育锻炼者仅占17.4%;体重下降(χ2=6.657)和食欲减退(χ2=18.88)两个指标男女间差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论新疆的HIV/AIDS感染者/患者大部分属低文化层次人群,信息来源较为闭塞,营养相关知识掌握甚少;患者中就餐不规律情况较普遍,膳食模式中动物性食物摄入量较少,而导致蛋白质、能量、维生素及矿物质的摄入量不足;感染者/患者的防病意识和自我保健意识淡薄,缺乏卫生保健和营养相关知识;应加强对艾滋病患者营养保健知识的宣传,使广大患者形成有益于健康的行为和生活方式,从而防治疾病,提高生活质量。
Objective To understand dietary patterns, dietary nutrient intake and related knowledge-attitude-behavior (KAP) in HIV-infected / AIDS patients in Xinjiang, and to provide a basis for formulating a scientific dietary pattern. Methods Nutritional epidemiology methods were used to design dietary intake and related behavioral questionnaires to determine the status of dietary intake and behavior of patients / patients. Results Among the 109 cases surveyed, peasants and unemployed persons accounted for 39.4% and 33.9% respectively, with 40.4% of them having primary school education and below; only 11.9% of them had intakes of beans and their products in the dietary structure, (Χ2 = 39.64) and alcohol consumption (χ2 = 6.65) accounted for 43.1% and 10.1% of the patients, respectively, with the exception of the unhealthy dietary structure (P <0.05). Only 17.4% of exercisers were usually exercised, and there was significant difference between men and women in weight loss (χ2 = 6.657) and loss of appetite (χ2 = 18.88) <0.05). Conclusion Most of HIV / AIDS-infected persons / patients in Xinjiang are of low cultural level, the sources of information are relatively obstructed, and there is little knowledge about nutrition. The irregular patterns of eating in patients are more common, and the intake of animal foods in dietary patterns is less , Resulting in inadequate intake of protein, energy, vitamins and minerals; the awareness of the disease-prevention and self-care of infected persons / patients is low, and there is a lack of health care and nutrition-related knowledge; the promotion of nutrition and health knowledge of AIDS patients should be strengthened; So that the majority of patients form a healthy behavior and lifestyle, so as to prevent disease and improve the quality of life.