论文部分内容阅读
金属纳米颗粒由于具有特殊的理化性质,被广泛应用于化学、光学和生物学等领域,使其在应用的过程中不可避免地释放到水体中。近年来,金属纳米颗粒对生态系统和人类健康造成了潜在危害,引起了日益广泛的关注。本文对目前水环境中存在的纳米颗粒的种类、来源、理化性质及金属纳米颗粒对细菌光致毒性的影响因素(光源波长、粒径大小、天然有机质和介质组分)进行了详细介绍,并通过有毒金属离子释放、活性氧自由基(羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和单线态氧)产生以及粒径变化等光化学现象,阐述了金属纳米颗粒物对细菌的光致毒性机理。最后总结了目前金属纳米颗粒在环境行为和光致毒性研究中面临的主要问题,并在此基础上提出将来金属纳米颗粒光致毒性的研究方向(如金属纳米颗粒的定量结构-活性关系,其他污染物与金属纳米颗粒的复合光致毒性效应等)。
Due to their special physical and chemical properties, metal nanoparticles are widely used in the fields of chemistry, optics and biology to make them inevitably released into water during application. In recent years, metal nanoparticles have caused potential harm to ecosystems and human health and have drawn increasing attention. In this paper, the types, sources, physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles present in water environment and the factors affecting the phototoxicity of metal nanoparticles on bacteria (light wavelength, particle size, natural organic matter and media components) are introduced in detail. Through the release of toxic metal ions, the generation of reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals and singlet oxygen) and the photochemical phenomena such as particle size changes, the phototoxic mechanism of metal nanoparticles on bacteria was described. Finally, the main problems of the current research on environmental behavior and phototoxicity of metal nanoparticles are summarized. Based on this, the research directions of the future research on the phototoxicity of metal nanoparticles (such as the quantitative structure-activity relationship of metal nanoparticles, other pollution Complex phototoxicity effects of metal and metal nanoparticles, etc.).