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本文认为,对于发展中的转轨国家,转轨的根本性动机是为经济增长提供新的制度激励,转轨成本是转轨绩效评价的重要指标。转轨成本很大程度上取决于制度上的“路径依赖”所造成的历史必然性。对转轨中制度变迁效果的分析应是在转轨必然发生的前提下如何使转轨成本最小化。转轨中的成本对于能否实现转轨的目的是至关重要的,本文设计了一个公共选择模型以解释各国间转轨成本的差异。转轨的成本不仅取决于经济考虑,更取决于政治的因素。政治摩擦影响新制度安排的效率,因此与转轨成本正相关。
This paper argues that for the developing countries in transition, the fundamental motivation for the transition is to provide a new institutional stimulus for economic growth. The transition costs are an important indicator of the transitional performance evaluation. The cost of transition depends to a large extent on the historical inevitability caused by the institutional “path dependence”. The analysis of the effect of institutional change in transition should be how to minimize the transition costs under the premise of the inevitable transition. The costs of transition are crucial for achieving the transition, and this paper designs a public choice model to explain the differences in transition costs between countries. The cost of a transition depends not only on economic considerations, but also on political factors. Political frictions affect the efficiency of the new institutional arrangements and are therefore positively related to the costs of transition.