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关于翻译等值,为了克服仅从语义角度看待等值问题在翻译中的局限性,奈达提出了与形式等值相对立的概念——“能动等值”。并将其定义为:“翻译质量,即用接受语传达原文思想内容,使译文接受者的反应与原文接受者的反应基本相同。”之后,又将之改为功能等值。这里的所谓反应指对信息的全面感受,包括对其意思内容、感情等的理解。而这里所说的基本相同也并非完全相同,而是指原文读者在阅读原文时所获得的心理反应和译文读者在阅读译文时所获得的心理反应相似或者相近。从这个角度译出的文章符合目的语的行文习惯和译文读者的思维方式,让译文读者读起来自然,没有翻译腔。而这里所说的原文读者和译文读者的心理反应相似或者相近也就是关联理论中所指的译文作者和译文读者的交际效果与原文作者和原文读者的交际效果相对应。本文试图通过等值理论与关联理论之间的兼容性,从关联理论的角度来分析等值理论在翻译中的积极作用。
In terms of translation equivalence, in order to overcome the limitation of translating from the perspective of equivalence only from a semantic point of view, Nida proposed the concept of “equivalence” as opposed to formal equivalence. And it is defined as: “The quality of translation, that is, using the accepting language to convey the content of the original thought so that the response of the target recipient is basically the same as that of the original recipient.” The so-called reaction here refers to the overall feeling of information, including the meaning of its content, feelings and so on. What we mean here is not exactly the same. It means that the psychological responses obtained by the original reader when reading the original texts are similar or similar to the psychological responses obtained by the target readers when they read the translated texts. The articles translated from this perspective are in line with the language habits of the target language and the way of thinking of the readers of the target texts so that the target readers can read them naturally and have no translation cavity. And here the original reader and the target readers’ psychological reactions are similar or similar, that is to say, the communicative effect of the translator and the target reader in the relevance theory corresponds to the communicative effect between the original author and the original reader. This article tries to analyze the positive role of equivalence theory in translation from the perspective of relevance theory through the compatibility between equivalence theory and relevance theory.