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[目的]了解上海市15岁及以上户籍居民的吸烟行为和二手烟暴露流行水平,为制定控烟措施提供基础资料。[方法]利用2013年上海市慢性病及其危险因素监测调查数据,对23 512名15岁及以上户籍居民的吸烟行为和二手烟暴露状况进行分析,指标包括吸烟率、现在吸烟率、现在每日吸烟率、重型吸烟率及二手烟暴露率。[结果]上海市15岁及以上户籍居民吸烟率为24.34%(男性45.92%,女性1.32%),现在吸烟率为20.42%(男性38.60%,女性1.03%),现在每日吸烟率为18.14%(男性34.31%,女性0.90%),重型吸烟率为9.24%(男性17.62%,女性0.30%)。非吸烟者的二手烟暴露率为40.21%(男性40.50%,女性40.01%)。男性吸烟率明显高于女性(χ2=6343.71,P<0.001),人群地区间吸烟率差异显著(χ2=111.08,P<0.001)。公共场所存在室内吸烟现象比例最高的是餐厅。[结论]上海市户籍居民吸烟率、二手烟暴露率绝对水平较高,烟草控制面临巨大挑战,应采取和实施更加有效的干预措施。
[Objective] To understand the smoking behaviors and the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure of household residents aged 15 and above in Shanghai, and provide basic information for tobacco control measures. [Methods] Based on the survey data of chronic diseases and risk factors in Shanghai in 2013, smoking behavior and exposure of second-hand cigarettes of 23 512 permanent residents aged 15 years and above were analyzed. The indicators include smoking rate and current smoking rate. Now daily Smoking rate, heavy smoking rate and secondhand smoke exposure rate. [Results] The smoking rate was 24.34% (45.92% for males and 1.32% for females) in Shanghai. The current smoking rate was 20.42% (38.60% for males and 1.03% for females), and the daily smoking rate was 18.14% (34.31% for males and 0.90% for females), and 9.24% for heavy smokers (17.62% for males and 0.30% for females). Exposure to secondhand smoke in non-smokers was 40.21% (40.50% for males and 40.01% for females). The prevalence of smoking in males was significantly higher than that in females (χ2 = 6343.71, P <0.001). There was significant difference in smoking prevalence between males (χ2 = 111.08, P <0.001). The highest proportion of indoor smoking in public places is the restaurant. [Conclusion] The smoking rate and the exposure rate of secondhand smoke in Shanghai are relatively high. Tobacco control is facing great challenges. More effective interventions should be taken and implemented.