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目的:根据鼻出血患者的年龄、并发症、出血原因、出血部位,选择最佳治疗方案。方法:对872例鼻科住院鼻出血患者进行回顾性研究。根据专科检查、鼻内镜检查及手术探查等找到鼻出血的部位。对患者采用鼻腔填塞、鼻内镜下低温止血、血管造影下动脉内栓塞术、血管结扎术及输血等治疗。结果:鼻出血的发病例数与年龄呈正相关;主要原因为:鼻中隔偏曲,高血压,服用抗凝药物,血管瘤,糖尿病;主要部位为:部位不明,嗅裂中隔处,利特尔区,下鼻道、鼻底、棘突处。主要治疗方法为鼻内镜下低温止血术及鼻腔填塞。结论:河南地区鼻出血原因较多,出血部位不同,因此鼻出血的治疗需要个体化。由于视野清晰、定位准确、止血快速、安全、治愈率高等特点,鼻内镜下低温止血已成为鼻出血的首选治疗方法。
Objective: According to the age of patients with epistaxis, complications, bleeding causes, bleeding sites, choose the best treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 872 patients with nasal bleeding in hospital. According to specialist examination, endoscopic examination and surgical exploration to find the site of epistaxis. Patients were treated with nasal packing, nasal endoscopic hypothermia, intra-arterial embolization with angiography, vascular ligation and blood transfusion. Results: The incidence of epistaxis was positively correlated with age. The main reasons were: deviation of nasal septum, hypertension, taking anticoagulant drugs, hemangiomas, diabetes mellitus. The main sites were unknown site, olfactory fissure septum, District, the lower nasal passages, nasal floor, spinous process. The main treatment for nasal endoscopic hypothermia and nasal packing. Conclusion: There are many causes of nosebleed in Henan Province and different bleeding sites. Therefore, the treatment of epistaxis requires individualization. Due to a clear vision, accurate positioning, fast bleeding, safety, high cure rate, endoscopic nasal hemostasis has become the preferred method of treatment.