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在“建设社会主义新农村”的口号之下,政府官员和社会活动家都在试图变革中国乡村的社会和经济关系。他们常常采用20世纪20年代和30年代“乡村建设运动”的话语,那时城市知识分子也在做同样的努力以解放农民和实现乡村的现代化。本文分析了一系列乡村建设工程中的国家、村民和社会活动家之间的不同形式的关系。国家在这场运动中仍然是主角,但是传统的自上而下的方式在微观层面的社区建设中不再有效,因此国家必须在乡村精英和社会活动家中找到同盟。
Under the slogan “Building a New Socialist Countryside,” government officials and social activists are trying to change the social and economic relations in rural China. They often used the words of the 1920s and 1930s “village-building movement” when urban intellectuals were doing the same to liberate peasants and modernize the countryside. This article analyzes the different forms of relations between the state, the villagers and the social activists in a series of rural construction projects. The state remains the protagonist in this movement, but the traditional top-down approach is no longer valid at the micro-level of community building, so the state must find an alliance among rural elites and activists.