论文部分内容阅读
奶牛乳房炎是一种严重影响奶牛业发展的常见多发病,不仅给乳品业造成巨大的经济损失,而且还影响乳品质量,危及人类健康。目前,对于奶牛乳房炎的治疗大部分奶牛场基本都是在不明确病原菌的情况下滥用抗生素,造成病原菌耐药性增加,治疗效果下降。为了有效治疗奶牛乳房炎,对奶牛乳房炎病原菌的早期快速诊断至关重要。由于传统的乳房炎病原菌的检测方法存在操作繁琐、耗时长、灵敏度低及无法检测抗生素乳样中病原菌等缺陷,因此,临床上急需一种快速、灵敏、简便的检测方法。作者对目前用于奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断的普通PCR法、多重PCR法、实时荧光定量PCR法、巢氏PCR诊断法以及PCR检测试剂盒等进行了综述,并分析了这些方法的优缺点,同时对未来奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断的研究方向和前景进行了展望,以期为进一步开发快速、特异、敏感的奶牛乳房炎病原菌诊断技术提供理论参考。
Dairy cow mastitis is a common and frequently-occurring disease that seriously affects the dairy industry. It not only causes huge economic losses to the dairy industry, but also affects the quality of dairy products and endangers human health. At present, the treatment of dairy mastitis in most dairy farms are basically not clear in the case of pathogenic bacteria abuse of antibiotics, resulting in increased resistance of pathogens, the treatment effect decreased. In order to effectively treat cow mastitis, early detection of mastitis pathogens in the early rapid diagnosis is essential. Due to the cumbersome operation, long time-consuming, low sensitivity and inability to detect pathogenic bacteria in antibiotic milk samples, the traditional detection method of mastitis pathogens urgently needs a fast, sensitive and simple detection method. The authors reviewed the current general PCR, multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, nested PCR and PCR detection kits for the diagnosis of mastitis pathogens in dairy cows, and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. At the same time, In the future, the research direction and prospects of the pathogen diagnosis of mastitis in dairy cows are prospected in order to provide theoretical reference for the further development of rapid, specific and sensitive pathogenic bacteria diagnosis of mastitis in dairy cows.