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垂直地震剖面法(VSP)的质量控制有两个环节,一是野外VSP资料的采集,二是计算机处理。本文较系统地叙述了野外采集这个重要环节。首先,说明了对震源、近场子波检波器、下井仪器、地面采集仪器等设备的要求。为了避免井筒波的影响,可以采用加大震源偏移距离、检波器测点组合、汲取部分井筒的泥浆、设置地滚波障等方法。除此以外,还应做好观测系统的设计、保持准确的测点深度、保证检波器与井壁有良好的耦合状态、设置噪音记录道以及记录齐全资料处理中所必需的各种资料等等。
Vertical seismic profile method (VSP) quality control has two aspects, one is the field of VSP data collection, the second is the computer processing. This article systematically describes the field of field acquisition of this important part. First of all, the requirements of the equipment such as source, near field wavelet detector, downhole instrument and ground collection instrument are described. In order to avoid the influence of wellbore wave, methods such as increasing source offset distance, combination of geophone measuring points, extracting mud from part of wellbore, setting ground-roll wave barrier and so on can be adopted. In addition, the design of the observing system should be well done to maintain the accurate depth of the measuring point, to ensure good coupling between the geophone and the well wall, to set the noise recording track and to record the various data necessary for the complete data processing and so on .