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生物科学是一门实验科学,因此生物实验是生物学高考必考内容。从近几年的实验题在高考中的题型变化来看,借助实验方法创设新情境,侧重考查同学们对实验进行解释和分析的能力已成为命题趋向,其中设计型实验题更是热点。所谓实验设计,就是要求同学们分析实验原理,选择实验器材,安排实验步骤,设计实验数据的处理方法及分析实验现象。它包括设计实验方案、设计实验步骤、设计实验改进方法等。实验设计,主要考查考生是否理解实验原理,是否具有灵活运用实验知识的能力,是否具有在不同情境下迁移知识的能力。下面笔者对实验设计应遵循的原则作一阐述,并对近几年全国各地高考生物学实验设计题的部分试题作一解读,以期对2008年备考有所帮助。
Biological science is an experimental science, so biological experiment is a must for biology biology. From the point of view of the changes in the test questions in the college entrance examination in recent years, the ability to use the experimental method to create a new situation, focusing on the students to explain and analyze the experiment has become a proposition trend, in which design-type experiment questions are even more hot. The so-called experimental design is to require students to analyze the experimental principles, select experimental equipment, arrange experimental procedures, design experimental data processing methods, and analyze experimental phenomena. It includes designing experimental programs, designing experimental procedures, designing experimental improvement methods, and the like. The experimental design mainly examines whether the examinee understands the experimental principle, whether it has the ability to use experimental knowledge flexibly, and whether it has the ability to transfer knowledge in different situations. Below, the author elaborates on the principles that should be followed in experimental design, and explains some of the questions in the biology experiment design problems in college entrance examinations in the country in recent years in order to help prepare for the 2008 exam.