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取代基是指在有机试剂分子中取代脂肪烃或芳烃的氢原子而不属于分析功能团、从而在所讨论的反应中不与金属离子直接作用的基团。它对试剂分子的整体及分析功能团的反应性能有重大影响。在试剂分子中引入取代基是设计特定目的的试剂及改善分析性能的重要方法。但迄今有关系统讨论取代基影响的文献尚缺,本文试就这一主题作一简介。一、取代基的种类及性质常见的取代基有卤素基团(—F、—Cl、—Br、—I);含氧、硫、氮等给予体原子的基团如—OH、—SH、—NH_2、—NO、—NO_2、—SO_3H、—AsO_3H_2、—PO_3H_2等;脂肪烃基如—CH_3、—C_2H_5和芳香烃基如苯基、萘基以及有机胺类如—NHR、—NR_2基,羧基
Substituent refers to a group that replaces a hydrogen atom of an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon in an organic reagent molecule and does not belong to a group that does not analyze a functional group such that it does not directly interact with the metal ion in the reaction in question. It has a significant effect on the overall reagent molecule and on the reactivity of functional groups. Introducing substituents into the reagent molecules is an important way to design a specific-purpose reagent and improve analytical performance. However, up to now, there is still a lack of literature on systematically discussing the influence of substituents. This article will give a brief introduction on this subject. First, the type and nature of the substituents Common substituents are halogen groups (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I); containing oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and other donor atoms such as groups -OH, -SH, -NH 2, -NO, -NO 2, -SO 3 H, -AsO 3 H 2, -PO 3 H 2 and the like; aliphatic hydrocarbon groups such as -CH 3, -C 2 H 5 and aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as phenyl, naphthyl and organic amines such as -NHR,