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Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and the regularity of recurrence in mature ovarian teratoma. Methods:The clinical data of 36 patients with recurrent mature ovarian teratoma(case group) was analyzed retrospectively and compared with the data of 72 patients without recurrence(control group) who underwent surgical treatment in the same period. Results:The overall incidence of recurrence after conservative operation is 2.5%.The mean recurrence interval was(7±7) years.The patients with recurrence was(24±7) years old on average at the onset of recurrence, significantly younger than those without recurrence(30±6) years old(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in gravidity,parity,tumor size,mode of surgery and spillage or not during operation between the two groups. The rates of bilateral or multilocular cysts in the patients with recurrence were significantly higher than those of the patients without recurrence(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:Young patients and patients with bilateral or multilocular ovarian teratomas should be followed up closely.Laparoscopy is the best choice for the treatment of mature ovarian teratomas.Biopsy of the contralateral ovary is not recommended routinely in surgery.