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語言是傳达思想感情的,从傳达的效果方面看,有好不好的分別。好与不好,重要的关键之一,在于(假定所傳达的內容是有价值的)能不能写得生动。怎么样才能够写得生动呢?一个重要的条件是写得“形象”。我們通常說修辞,很大一部分是指取得这种效果的一些技巧。这类技巧,在修辞学中有所謂“修辞格”,內容相当繁杂;这里只探討一下,在中学語文教学中,我們应該怎样处理这方面的問題。在实际教学中,指导学生学习运用这方面的修辞技巧,我們会遇到一些問題。首先是范圍問題,也就是要求学生学会哪些技巧的問題。我們当然不能,也不需要要求学生学会一切修辞方法。这样,教学时就要有所选择——决定去取或者分别輕重。确定范圍还要考虑另外的条件,比如說,在讲讀中傳授修辞知識,在基本訓练中练习运用修辞方法,这两者之中,范圍的大小就可以不同。前者的范圍显然可以大一些,就是說,閱讀时遇到的修辞方法,有的可以不要求学生一定学会使用。再比如說,学生的語文水平也是个应該考虑的重要条件,只要不超过学生的接受能力,指导学生学习修辞技巧,內容丰富一些是沒有坏处的。下面結合讲讀教学和写作练习,
Language is to convey the thoughts and feelings, from the perspective of the effect of communication, there are good and bad. Good and bad, one of the most important keys is to be able to write vividly (assuming the content being delivered is valuable). How can we write vividly? An important condition is to write “image.” We usually speak rhetoric, a large part of which refers to some of the skills to achieve this effect. This kind of technique, rhetoric has so-called “rhetoric”, the content is quite complicated; only to explore here, in secondary school Chinese teaching, how should we deal with this issue. In the actual teaching, to guide students to learn the use of rhetorical skills in this area, we will encounter some problems. The first is the scope of the problem, which is asking students to learn what skills problems. Of course we can not and need not require students to learn all rhetorical methods. In this way, there must be a choice of teaching - decided to take or different severity. There are other conditions that need to be considered in determining the scope. For example, the rhetorical knowledge can be taught in reading and the rhetoric can be practiced in basic training. The size of the range can be different. Obviously the scope of the former can be larger, that is, reading the rhetorical methods encountered, and some may not require students to learn to use. For another example, students ’language proficiency is also an important condition that should be considered. As long as the students’ abilities to accept are not exceeded and students are taught rhetorical skills, it is not harmful to enrich their content. The following combination of reading teaching and writing exercises,