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Azithromycin(AM)是由美国Pfizer药厂和南斯拉夫Plivt制药公司共同研制开发的一种新的红霉素衍生物,该药已于1991年在国外上市。化学名为9a-甲基-9-脱氧- 9a-氮杂-9a同型红霉素A。通过在红霉素分子结构甙基环的9a位上甲基氮杂将内酯环扩展为15元环,形成了一类新的大环内酯——Azalide类抗生素。该药抗菌机制与红霉素相似,但抗菌谱比红霉素更广,除保留对革兰氏阳性细菌的作用外,对革兰氏阴性细菌的抗菌活性有明显改善,尤其对流感嗜血杆菌。并能明显抑制细胞内的病原菌,如沙眼衣原体和嗜肺军团杆菌等。AM良好的抗菌活性与其独特的药代动力学特性紧密相关。AM
Azithromycin (AM) is a new erythromycin derivative jointly developed by Pfizer Pharmaceuticals of the United States and Plivt Pharmaceuticals of Yugoslavia. The drug was launched overseas in 1991. The chemical name is 9a-methyl-9-deoxy-9a-aza-9a homo-erythromycin A. A new class of Macrolide - Azalide antibiotics was formed by extending the lactone ring to 15 - membered ring at the 9a position of the glycosyl ring of erythromycin. The antibacterial mechanism of the drug is similar to that of erythromycin, but its antibacterial spectrum is broader than that of erythromycin. In addition to retaining the effect on gram-positive bacteria, antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria is significantly improved, Bacillus. And can significantly inhibit the intracellular pathogens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Legionella pneumophila and so on. AM’s good antibacterial activity is closely related to its unique pharmacokinetic properties. AM