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本文列举了国内外学者对土壤肥力的众多观点,概述了土壤肥力在认识上的演变。肥力是营养物质和水的储量、给源,也是类生物体,又是物质和能量的库,具有储存、转化、供应等功能。既能满足作物生长对水、肥、气、热的需要,又能对不良环境条件进行抵抗。提高土壤肥力,不能仅局限于有机质数量,而要重视土壤腐植质的更新与活化。农村不仅要开辟多种增加有机肥源的途径,建立起稳定的有机肥源系统,还要搞好土地保养和管理措施,如深耕改土,增加活土层厚度,改善土壤性能。坚持倒茬轮作措施的用肥结构,以平衡土壤肥力。强调轮作中的每个田块都要获得定量的有机物料。
This article lists many opinions of scholars both at home and abroad on soil fertility and outlines the evolution of soil fertility. Fertility is a nutrient and water reserves, to the source, is also a class of organisms, but also a material and energy library, with storage, conversion, supply and other functions. Can not only meet the needs of crop growth on water, fertilizer, gas and heat, but also resist adverse environmental conditions. Improve soil fertility, not only limited to the amount of organic matter, but should pay attention to the update and activation of soil humus. In rural areas, not only should we open up more ways to increase the sources of organic fertilizers, establish a stable system of organic fertilizers, and do a good job of land maintenance and management measures such as deepen farming and soil improvement, increase the thickness of living soils and improve soil performance. Insist on crop rotation mechanism for the use of fertilizer structure to balance the soil fertility. Emphasize that every plot in a rotation requires a quantitative amount of organic material.