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目的了解青岛市老年人群2型糖尿病(T2DM)危险因素的流行特征,探讨其与2型糖尿病的关系,为糖尿病预防控制策略的制定提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法对青岛市市南、市北、四方、黄岛、胶南、即墨6个区(市)进行流行病学调查,选择60岁及以上老年人群作为调查对象,采用比值比(OR)来评价相关危险因素与2型糖尿病的关系。结果青岛市老年人群T2DM患病率为28.5%;按是否患T2DM分组,T2DM组人群高血压患病率(78.1%)、超重和肥胖率(53.4%)、血脂紊乱率(44.5%)、冠心病率(19.0%)、脑卒中率(7.0%)、糖尿病家族史比例(15.4%)明显高于非T2DM组(分别为66.1%、44.9%、30.6%、12.9%、3.1%和7.7%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析发现,青岛市老年人群中T2DM的3个主要危险因素是糖尿病家族史、高血压和血脂紊乱(P<0.01),T2DM组这3种危险因素的检出比例(分别为15.4%、78.1%和44.5%)高于非T2DM组(分别为7.7%、66.1%和30.6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与无这3种危险因素者相比,随着危险因素的聚集,T2DM患病危险明显增加。结论高血压、血脂紊乱、糖尿病家族史是青岛市居民发生T2DM的3个主要危险因素,控制、防治3种危险因素的聚集可以显著降低T2DM的患病水平。
Objective To understand the prevalence of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in elderly population in Qingdao and to explore its relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to provide a basis for the development of diabetes prevention and control strategies. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to carry out epidemiological investigation on 6 districts (cities) in Shilan, Shibei, Sifang, Huangdao, Jiaonan, and Jimo of Qingdao City. The elderly population aged 60 and above was selected as the survey object. (OR) to evaluate the relationship between risk factors and type 2 diabetes. Results The prevalence of T2DM in elderly population in Qingdao was 28.5%. The prevalence of hypertension (78.1%), the rate of overweight and obesity (53.4%), the rate of dyslipidemia (44.5%) in T2DM group, Heart disease rates (19.0%), stroke rates (7.0%), and family history of diabetes mellitus (15.4%) were significantly higher than those in non-T2DM patients (66.1%, 44.9%, 30.6%, 12.9%, 3.1%, and 7.7%, respectively) (P <0.01, P <0.05) .Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the three major risk factors of T2DM in the elderly population in Qingdao were family history of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia (P <0.01, P <0.01) ) And T2DM group (15.4%, 78.1% and 44.5% respectively) were higher than those in non-T2DM group (7.7%, 66.1% and 30.6% respectively), and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Compared with those without these three risk factors, the risk of T2DM increased significantly with the aggregation of risk factors. Conclusions Hypertension, dyslipidemia and family history of diabetes mellitus are the three major risk factors for T2DM in residents of Qingdao. Controlling and controlling the aggregation of three risk factors can significantly reduce the prevalence of T2DM.