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目的设计一种帮助医生掌握腹腔镜手术技能的训练器。方法以人因工程原则为基础,测量30个成年人腹部表面的尺寸,并结合气腹条件下人体腹壁的扩张程度,确定训练器的尺寸和轮廓。依照手术中最佳的操作角、方位角和仰角的度数确定穿刺孔的位置。采用小型摄像头和LED灯带模拟腹腔镜摄像头和光源。依照McGill腹腔镜技能训练的标准和腹腔镜手术基本技能设计训练模块。最后,应用Autodesk Inventor软件完成三维设计与装配,应用数控技术和快速成型技术完成样机的加工制造。结果设计了一种多用途腹腔镜手术训练器,其尺寸为300mm×350mm×150mm,主要由箱体、底板、摄像系统、抽屉系统、灯带以及7个任务模块组成。结论本研究设计的训练器符合人因工程学的设计,使用方便;既能提供传统腹腔镜手术训练,也适用于单孔手术练习。
Objective To design a training device to help doctors master the skills of laparoscopic surgery. Methods Based on the principles of human factors engineering, the size of abdomen surface of 30 adults was measured, and the size and contour of trainer were determined according to the expansion of human abdominal wall under pneumoperitoneum. Determine the position of the puncture hole according to the optimal operating angle, azimuth and elevation angle. Using a small camera and LED light with a simulated laparoscopic camera and light source. The training module is designed according to the standard of McGill laparoscopic skill training and the basic skills of laparoscopic surgery. Finally, using Autodesk Inventor software to complete the three-dimensional design and assembly, the application of numerical control technology and rapid prototyping technology to complete the prototype manufacturing. Results A multi-purpose laparoscopic surgical trainer was designed with a size of 300mm × 350mm × 150mm. It consisted of a box body, a base plate, a camera system, a drawer system, a lamp belt and seven task modules. Conclusion The trainer designed in this study is in accordance with the design of ergonomics and is easy to use. It can not only provide traditional laparoscopic surgery training, but also apply to single-hole surgical exercises.