论文部分内容阅读
1854年成立的上海英租界巡捕房是中国近代历史上第一个真正意义的警政机构,其职责主要是维护租界的治安,及维持为保护西方人利益而建立的租界秩序。这种畸形租界制度下的特殊产物,在很大程度上关系着租界的安危兴亡,亦是英国对其进行殖民统治的有效保证。正是因为巡捕房的特殊地位和作用,在它成立后不久,上海英租界各统治机构便充分利用其相互牵制的权力优势,对巡捕房领导权展开激烈争夺。最终,原有工部局单独控制巡捕房的管理体系被彻底打破,进而形成由工部局直接领导、驻沪领事代表最高权威、租地人会议间接控制的特殊领导格局。而清政府囿于国力孱弱、外交妥协等原因,对巡捕房不但没有丝毫管理权,还要负担其部分运营经费,以致日益边缘化,被完全排除在这个领导格局之外。
The establishment of the Shanghai British Concession in 1854 as the first round of police inspections in modern Chinese history is mainly aimed at safeguarding the law and order of the concession and maintaining the order of the concession established for the protection of Westerners’ interests. This special product under the deconstruction of the concession system is largely related to the precarious development and death of the concession and is also an effective guarantee for its colonial rule by the United Kingdom. It is precisely because of the special status and role of the police brigade. Shortly after its establishment, the governing bodies of the British concession in the city of Shanghai made full use of the power of mutual restraint to fierce competition for the leadership of the barracks. In the end, the original management system of the independent control of barracks by the former branches of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce was completely broken, and a special leadership pattern led by the direct leadership of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, the highest authority of the consular representatives in Shanghai and the indirect control of renters’ meetings was formed. The Qing government, on the other hand, was weak in power and compromised in diplomacy. It not only did not have the slightest administrative power over the crucifixion room, but also part of its operating expenses, so as to become increasingly marginalized and completely ruled out of the leadership pattern.