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控制并减少毒品已经成为国际通识,但在这一宏观目标之下,如何控制毒品的政策取向以及制度与措施的具体选择却存有差异。政策因素主导着制度的构建与措施的选择,是体现某一国家或地区对于毒品态度的重要特征。毒品政策表达了国家基于政治、文化、社会乃至道德等诸多因素而限制或者容忍毒品的基本态度。由于国家与市民社会二元对立与融合的状况,国家的毒品控制、市民个体的权利诉求以及市民社会的秩序渴望对毒品政策的形成提供条件,也对其产生约束。毒品政策已然从统一的国家意识层面引入到分散的个人或者公共领域,充分体现了国家意志与市民社会需求之间的矛盾。梳理并分析毒品政策在这一矛盾中产生的源流、导向以及成效,能够为我国毒品政策的价值判断与路径选取提供有益的思考与借鉴。
Controlling and reducing narcotics has become an international standard, but under this macro objective, there are differences in the policy orientation of how to control narcotics and the specific choices of institutions and measures. Policy factors dominate the choice of system construction and measures, reflecting the important characteristics of a country or region in regard to drug attitudes. The drug policy expresses the basic attitude of the state in limiting or tolerating drugs based on many factors such as politics, culture, society and even morality. Due to the binary opposition and integration between the state and civil society, the state’s drug control, the citizens’ rights demands and the desire of the civil society to provide the conditions for the formation of the drug policy also bound them. The drug policy has been introduced into scattered individual or public areas from a unified national consciousness level and fully reflects the contradiction between the will of the state and the needs of civil society. Combining and analyzing the origin, orientation and effectiveness of drug policy in this contradiction can provide useful thinking and reference for the value judgments and route selection of drug policy in our country.