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在澳大利亚保护建筑物免受地下白蚁危害的重要技术,是用固定杀虫剂对建筑物下的土壤进行处理,以阻碍白蚁穿入。在本篇文章中我们描述了用于评估这类杀虫剂效果的野外试验方法。这些野外试验点分布在澳大利亚的温带和热带,使得实验的化合物能在一定气候带,土壤类型和白蚁群落的范围内得到试验。在试验区内主要白蚁种类有:Mastotermes、darwiniersis、Coptotermes、Heterotermes、Sohedorhintermes及Nasutitermes等种类。本文概述了砷化物、杂酚油、五氧苯酚、有机氯及有机磷杀虫剂的效果,证明了有机磷杀虫剂在热带的持久性比温带差得多。基于这些事实,现行澳大利亚标准比较推崇用持久的有机氯类(阿耳德林、氯丹、狄氏剂、七氯),或在可能重处理条件下用有机磷化合物(毒死蜱乙基)来作为阻碍白蚁进入的土壤障碍剂。用持久性较差的化合物控制白蚁的可能性,寄望于允许对建筑物下的土壤重处理技术的发展。
An important technique for protecting buildings from underground termites in Australia is the use of fixed insecticides to treat the soil under the building to prevent termites from penetrating. In this article we describe the field test methods used to evaluate the effectiveness of such insecticides. These field trials are located in the temperate and tropical regions of Australia, allowing experimental compounds to be tested within a range of climatic zones, soil types and termites. The main types of termites in the experimental area are: Mastotermes, Darwiniersis, Coptotermes, Heterotermes, Sohedorhintermes and Nasutitermes and other species. This article summarizes the effects of arsenic, creosote, pentoxyphenol, organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides, demonstrating that organophosphate insecticides are less persistent in the tropics than temperate ones. Based on these facts, the current Australian standards favor the use of persistent organochlorines (aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor) or organophosphorus compounds (chlorpyrifos ethyl) under possible reprocessing conditions Soil barriers that prevent termites from entering. The possibility of controlling termite with poorer compounds is expected to allow the development of soil reprocessing techniques under buildings.