微生态与支气管哮喘气道炎症及发病机制的研究进展

• 作 者: 赵丽芳 李怡 王雯
• 机 构: 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院呼吸与危重症医学科 北京呼吸疾病研究所，北京 100020;中国气象科学研究院，北京 100081
• 出 处: 国际呼吸杂志
• 发表日期: 2022年6期
• 关键词: Asthma Allergy Microbiota Gut-lung axis

微生物群在维持人类健康中有重要作用。以往有很多研究关注的是肠道微生物群。目前，已有研究表明微生物群与宿主免疫的进程以及过敏性气道炎症的形成密切相关。这些研究奠定了微生物群导向疗法治疗或预防支气管哮喘(哮喘)的基础。目前已明确屋内粉尘、宠物以及农场动物的环境微生物群与哮喘的发病密切相关，主要与其产生的脂多糖等生物活性分子有关。其次，呼吸道微生物群，包括新近发现的肺部微生物群与过敏性气道炎症有关。已有证据表明，在气道内存在的特定微生物群，尤其是链球菌、嗜血杆菌和莫拉菌属可形成局部免疫反应并改变气道炎症的严重程度。第三，肠道菌群在诱发哮喘的试验模型及临床研究中已有报道。本文从3个不同的微生物群来探讨宿主与微生物群之间的相互关系，及其在哮喘发病中的作用及最新研究进展。“,”Microbiota plays an important role in maintaining human health.Many previous studies have focused on the gut microbiota.At present, studies have shown that the microbiota is closely related to the process of host immunity and the formation of allergic airway inflammation.These studies form the basis of microbiome-oriented therapies to treat or prevent bronchial asthma (asthma). It is well established that indoor dust and the microbiota of pets and farm animals are closely linked to asthma, mainly related to the bioactive molecules such as lipopolysaccharide.Second, respiratory microbial communities, including newly appreciated populations of microbes in the lung, are associated with allergic airway inflammation.Evidence revealed that specific microbiomes present in the airways, particularly n Streptococcus, n Haemophilus, and n Moraxella, can produce local immune responses and alter the severity of airway inflammation.Third, intestinal flora has been reported to induce asthma in experimental models and in the clinical studies.This review, with three distinct microbiota groups, will describe the recent study progress in host-microbiota interactions and their roles in the pathogenesis of asthma.n