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低温冻害是中国北部平原冬小麦生产中存在的重大灾害之一,并导致了小麦的严重减产。本文主要研究了低温对不同播期和品种冬小麦冻害的影响。三个小麦品种分别为:郑麦9023,皖麦48和皖麦50;两个播期分别为9月25和10月5号。采用植物解剖学的方法观察了低温对三个小麦品种细胞的影响发现,播种较早的小麦相对于适期播种的小麦,在没有经过抗寒锻炼的情况下突遇低温发生了严重的质壁分离。不同小麦品种和部位间的质壁分离程度差异显著,且质壁分离程度和低温之间存在正相关关系。与郑麦9023和皖麦48相比,皖麦50具有较好的抗寒性,且郑麦9023和皖麦48在抗寒性方面差异不显著。本研究得出,通过采取适当的品种和播期可以改善小麦的抗寒性。
Cryogenic frost damage is one of the major disasters in the winter wheat production in the northern plains of China and has led to a severe cut in wheat production. This paper mainly studied the effect of low temperature on the frost damage of different sowing dates and varieties of winter wheat. Three wheat varieties were: Zhengmai 9023, Wanmai 48 and Wanmai 50; two sowing dates were September 25 and October 5, respectively. The effect of low temperature on the cells of three wheat cultivars was observed using plant anatomy. The results showed that wheat with earlier sowing rate had severe plasmids than the moderately sown wheat without cold stress Separated. There was a significant difference in plasmolysis between different wheat varieties and parts, and there was a positive correlation between plasmolysis and low temperature. Compared with Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48, Wanmai 50 had better cold resistance, and Zhengmai 9023 and Wanmai 48 had no significant difference in cold resistance. This study showed that by taking appropriate varieties and sowing date can improve the cold resistance of wheat.