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近15年来,由于各种检查技术的更为精密,在心音、心杂音的物理和生理基础方面有了重大进展。近年来,特别是对第四心音的认识更引起广大医务工作者的注意。有关这方面的临床意义,亦是众说纷纭,争议颇多。本文对第四心音作一些概括的介绍,以便能更好地为临床服务。1838年首先由Charcelay 描述了收缩期前心音。以后称为奔马律,又叫房性奔马律、收缩期前或舒张晚期奔马律。1930年以来,一般称之为第四心音。一、第四心音的特性第四心音发生在舒张晚期,在第一心音之前,常在P 波起始后的0.07～0.14秒范围出现,与P 波关系不恒定,可随病情演变而变动。心音图上为低频率性振动,在25～100赫兹之间,由二组主要成分组成。
In the past 15 years, due to the more sophisticated inspection techniques, significant progress has been made in the physical and physiological basis of heart sounds and heart murmurs. In recent years, especially the awareness of the fourth heart sound more attracted the attention of the majority of medical workers. There are also many different opinions on the clinical significance of this aspect and many controversies. This article gives some general introduction to the fourth heart sound in order to better serve the clinical. First described by Charcelay in 1838 as systolic heart sounds. Later called gallop, also known as room gallop, systolic or diastolic gallop. Since 1930, it is generally called the fourth heart sound. Fourth, the characteristics of the fourth heart sound The fourth heart sound occurs in the late diastolic, before the first heart sound, often in the P wave 0.07 ~ 0.14 seconds after the start of the range, and P wave is not constant, with the evolution of the disease can change . Low frequency vibration on the heart sound map in the 25 to 100 hertz, composed of two main components.