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Both alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) and non-AFLD (NAFLD) are two of the major challenging public health problems in the world. Development of steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis ultimately progresses towards hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and frequently leads into liver transplantation, which underlines the significance of these diseases with treatment and prevention. Given the high incidences of these diseases, in particular, the high mortality rate of HCC and its poor prognosis, the prevention of these diseases progression through dietary nutritional means, represent an important disease control strategy. Important aspects in the etiology, pathogenesis, complications, and treatment/prevention of AFLD and NAFLD from recent research are summarized in a series of review and original articles in this and the following issues of HepatoBiliary Surgery and Nutrition (HBSN). Leading experts in the field share their current prospective on this most important liver disease with the focus on clinical relevant issues.