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社会科学研究的是各种具有多义的概念,“需要”概念就是其中之一。对这一概念进行研究,其目的不是为了想提出某些难以把握的概念。相反,社会科学的客体——社会事实及社会过程——较之任何其他知识领域都更易于被具有一般社会经验及兴趣的人所理解。在资本主义国家,“需要”这一术语越来越频繁地出现在政治辩论中(在社会主义国家也一直是一个主题)。自从20世纪70年代以来,联合国为发展中国家制定的许多计划显然都出于一种“基本需要”的考虑。对“需要”这一术语如此广泛地应用持怀疑态度的人,可能有一个更基本的观点:当前对需要所作的科学研究有些模糊不清,在一些重要问
Social science studies various polysemous concepts, one of which is the “need” concept. The purpose of studying this concept is not to suggest some concept that is difficult to grasp. On the contrary, the objects of social science - social facts and social processes - are more likely to be understood by those with general social experience and interests than any other area of knowledge. In capitalist countries, the term “need” appears more and more frequently in the political debate (which has also been a subject in socialist countries). Since the 1970s, many of the programs that the United Nations has set for developing countries have apparently been based on a “basic need”. There may be a more basic view of the widely-used skeptic of the term “need”: some of the current obscure scientific studies of needs,