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目的:探讨影响早产儿出院时宫外发育迟缓(EUGR)发生率的相关因素,为制定预防早产儿发生EUGR的策略提供临床依据。方法:以本院2012年2月至2013年2月出生的早产儿为研究对象。对不同胎龄及出生体重的早产儿进行比较,并分析发生EUGR的相关因素。结果:体重≤1 500g的早产儿组EUGR发生率为66.2%,体重>1 500g的早产儿组EUGR发生率37.8%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胎龄<34周的早产儿组EUGR发生率为71.3%,胎龄≥34周的早产儿组EUGR发生率为44.8%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)、感染、生后体重下降时间是发生EUGR的危险因素。结论:胎龄及出生体重越小,发生EUGR的可能性越大。导致EUGR的因素是多重的,其中IUGR及感染、生后体重下降时间对EUGR影响最大,应积极预防及治疗并发症,重视早产儿早期营养,缩短患儿的体重下降时间是避免EUGR的关键。
Objective: To explore the influencing factors of the incidence of ectopic development retardation (EUGR) in preterm infants and provide a clinical basis for the strategy of preventing EUGR in premature infants. Methods: The present study was conducted on preterm infants born from February 2012 to February 2013 in our hospital. Preterm infants with different gestational age and birth weight were compared and the relevant factors of EUGR were analyzed. Results: The incidence of EUGR in preterm infants with body weight ≤1 500g was 66.2%, and the incidence of EUGR in preterm infants weighing> 1500g was 37.8% (P <0.05). The gestational age <34 weeks Of preterm children EUGR incidence was 71.3%, gestational age ≥34 weeks of preterm children EUGR incidence was 44.8%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), infection, postnatal weight loss time is the occurrence of EUGR risk factors. Conclusion: The smaller the gestational age and birth weight, the greater the possibility of EUGR. The factors leading to EUGR are multiple. The duration of weight loss in IUGR and postnatal weight loss has the greatest impact on EUGR. Prevention and treatment of complications should be actively followed. Early nutrition of premature infants and shortening the weight loss time of children are the keys to avoid EUGR.