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目的了解天津市城区居民对烟草相关危害的认知及对公共场所禁烟态度,为今后开展有针对性的控烟工作提供依据。方法 2013年采用多阶段整群抽样法,抽取天津市城区2 024户家庭,从每户家庭中随机抽取1名符合标准的成员进行个人问卷调查。结果共成功访谈1 977人。天津市居民对吸烟导致肺癌、心肌梗塞、中风、阴茎勃起障碍及所有4种疾病的知晓率分别为95.4%、74.9%、66.1%、32.1%、28.3%,高学历者知晓率高于低学历者,除对中风的认知外,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);二手烟暴露导致成人心脏病、成人肺部疾病、儿童肺部疾病及所有3种疾病的知晓率分别为74.3%、90.7%、83.0%、70.4%,不同教育程度知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);28.9%的居民认为淡味、温和及低焦油卷烟的危害同普通卷烟差不多;居民对餐馆、酒吧禁烟的支持率最低,分别为81.7%、57.4%,对调查涉及的所有公共场所禁烟的支持率非吸烟者高于吸烟者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2013年,天津市居民对烟草危害的认知及对控烟支持率处于较高水平,但对吸烟及二手烟危害的认识仍不全面,且部分场所禁烟支持率较低,需要继续加强宣传。
Objective To understand the urban residents’ awareness of tobacco-related hazards and the attitude of no smoking to public places in Tianjin and to provide a basis for carrying out targeted tobacco control work in the future. Methods In 2013, a multistage cluster sampling method was used to sample 2 024 families in Tianjin urban area. A standard questionnaire was randomly selected from each household to conduct a personal questionnaire. A total of 1 977 successful interviews were conducted. Tianjin residents were 95.4%, 74.9%, 66.1%, 32.1%, 28.3% respectively of smoking, lung cancer, myocardial infarction, stroke, erectile dysfunction and all four diseases. The rate of awareness among those with high education level was higher than those with low education level (P <0.05). The awareness of secondhand smoke exposure in adult heart disease, adult lung disease, childhood lung disease and all three diseases were 74.3 28.9% of the residents think that the harm of light, mild and low tar cigarettes is similar to that of ordinary cigarettes; the residents’ opinions on the awareness of restaurants, The bars with the lowest rates of non-smoking support were 81.7% and 57.4% respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the non-smoking prevalence among all smokers (P <0.05). Conclusion In 2013, residents in Tianjin knew the harm caused by tobacco and maintained a high level of support for tobacco control. However, awareness of the dangers of smoking and second-hand smoke was still not fully understood, and the support rate for banning smoking in some places was relatively low. The publicity needs to be further strengthened.