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北洋军阀是清末由袁世凯开始建立的封建卖国的反革命武装集团。1916年这一集团的总头目袁世凯死去,北洋军阀内部矛盾斗争迅速激化,终于形成分裂之势。那么,北洋军阀是分裂成直、皖、奉三大派,还是分裂成直、皖二大派?在现行中学历史教材中,两种看法都存在。人教社历史室编1987年和1988年版《中国历史》明确叙述“袁世凯死去以后,北洋军阀分化为直、皖、奉三系”,而同样是人教社历史室编的90年版《中国近代现代历史讲座》和1992年
The Beiyang Warlords were counter-revolutionary armed groups that were established by Yuan Shikai during the late Qing Dynasty. In 1916, Yuan Shikai, the head of the group, died and the contradictions and struggles in the Northern Warlords quickly intensified, finally forming a trend of division. Then, the Northern Warlords were divided into three major schools of straightness, deterrence, and Fengfeng, or split into two groups: the two major schools of history. The 1987 and 1988 editions of the History of Chinese People’s Education Society’s History of China clearly state that after Yuan Shikai died, the Northern Warlords were divided into the three lines of Zhi, Yi, Bong, and they were also the 90th edition of the People’s Education Society History Room. History Lectures and 1992