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[目的]了解某大型商场的空气质量状况,分析其变化规律及影响因素。[方法]于2013年对北京市某商场空气质量进行监测,监测点为2个商品售卖区和1个餐饮区,监测指标包括温度、湿度、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、甲醛、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO2),通过远程数据传输技术收集数据并分析。[结果]监测指标中,CO2合格率(100%)最高;其次是温度、PM10、CO和甲醛,合格率分别为98.82%、96.81%、84.73%、69.41%;湿度合格率最低(仅29.36%)。商场内不同季节湿度变化明显(P<0.05);PM10浓度与室外PM10浓度、客流量存在正相关(r=0.681,r=0.162;P<0.05);餐饮区CO和CO2浓度高于其他2个监测点,浓度较高的时段与营业高峰时段一致;甲醛浓度波动较大,甲醛最高浓度达0.214 mg/m3,与商场内湿度呈正相关(r=0.740,P<0.05),不同监测点甲醛浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]PM10、CO、甲醛是该商场空气质量的主要危害因素。室外PM10浓度和客流量是影响商场内PM10浓度的主要因素;餐饮活动是CO的主要污染来源,客流量增加引起餐饮活动增多间接影响CO浓度;甲醛污染在商场内持续存在,湿度升高加速甲醛释放,局部装修加剧污染程度。商场应采取集中空调分区域运行,及时调整新风量等措施提高空气质量。
[Objective] To understand the air quality status of a large shopping mall and analyze its changing rules and influencing factors. [Methods] The air quality of a shopping mall in Beijing was monitored in 2013. The monitoring points included two sales areas and one dining area. The monitoring indicators included temperature, humidity, PM10, formaldehyde and carbon monoxide (CO) , Carbon dioxide (CO2), collect data and analyze it via remote data transmission technology. [Results] The qualified rate of CO2 was the highest (100%), followed by the temperature, PM10, CO and formaldehyde, the pass rates were 98.82%, 96.81%, 84.73% and 69.41% respectively; the lowest passing rate of humidity was only 29.36% ). There was a positive correlation between PM10 concentration and outdoor PM10 concentration and passenger flow (r = 0.681, r = 0.162; P <0.05); CO and CO2 concentrations in dining area were higher than the other two The concentration of formaldehyde was 0.214 mg / m3, which was positively correlated with the humidity in the shopping mall (r = 0.740, P <0.05). The concentrations of formaldehyde in different monitoring sites The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). [Conclusion] PM10, CO and formaldehyde are the main risk factors of the air quality of the shopping mall. Outdoor PM10 concentration and passenger flow are the main factors that affect the concentration of PM10 in shopping malls; catering activities are the main source of CO pollution; the increase of passenger flow causes the increase of catering activities indirectly affecting CO concentration; formaldehyde pollution persists in the shopping mall; Release, partial decoration exacerbates pollution. Shopping centers should be centralized air-conditioning sub-regional operation, timely adjustment of fresh air and other measures to improve air quality.