论文部分内容阅读
引言要正确地讨论光通过光学系统的成像情形必须用波动光学,波动光学的理论考虑到干涉、衍射等情形,它比几何光学更符合于客观事实。不过,如果一贯地用波动光学的理论来讨论光学系统的成像,则其过程将极为繁杂而不合于实用。适当的办法是利用简单得多的几何光学中光作直线进行的概念,根据几何光学的定律,算出通过光学系统后光线位置变化的情形,然后再利用波动光学的原理来考虑成像的质量。我们先从几何光学出发,并且只限于考虑同轴的球面折射或反射系统,因为实际上只有这一类系统得到广泛的应用。先来考虑光线通过一个折射球面的情形。
INTRODUCTION To properly discuss the imaging of light through an optical system, the theory of wave optics and wave optics must be used to account for interference and diffraction, which is more in line with the objective facts than geometrical optics. However, if the theory of wave optics is used consistently to discuss the imaging of optical systems, the process will be extremely complicated and impractical. The proper approach is to use the concept of light as a straight line in much simpler geometrical optics, to calculate the position of light changes through the optical system according to the laws of geometric optics and then to consider the quality of the imaging using the principles of wave optics. We start with geometrical optics and are limited to coaxial spherical refraction or reflection systems, since only this type of system is in fact widely used. First consider the light through a spherical refraction situation.