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我县稻茬麦分布于微山湖沿岸,土壤肥力高,水利条件优越,增产潜力大,常年种植7万多亩.但免耕撒播稻茬麦,由于传统的栽培措施和地理、气候等因素的影响产量长期低而不稳.从1996年开始,我们在改善生产条件的基础上,试验,总结和推广了以“五改”为中心的稻茬麦高产配套栽培技术.1997年500hm~2项目区平均单产7103.3kg;1998年1300hm~2项目区平均单产8666.8kg.已形成一套独特的栽培技术体系,产生了显著的经济效益和社会效益.一、常规稻茬麦的生育特点(一)年前发苗慢 由于稻茬麦土壤含水较多,容重较高,毛管孔隙丰富而非毛管孔隙贫乏,不利于种子萌发出苗、种子根下扎、次生根伸展和幼苗生长,同时土壤速效养分低,这就造成了稻茬麦出苗率低,分蘖缺位率高和冬前幼苗长势差,抗旱性及抗寒性也较差.(二)春季长势猛 稻茬麦于2月下旬返青,3月中旬生长速度加快.因土壤经过冬季的冻融作用,消除了板结,解决了水和气的矛盾,促进了土壤微生物的活动,加速了养分的转化和释放,为麦苗生长创造了良好的条件,但也为病虫害、倒伏的发生埋下了隐患.(三)后期易早衰 小麦生育后期,是水稻育秧期,同时受湖水位影响,地下水位常年较高,土壤湿度大,造成根系早衰,千粒重不高.
In our county, the rice stubble is distributed along the banks of Weishan Lake, with high soil fertility, superior water conditions and large potential for yield increase, with more than 70,000 mu of perennial planting. However, due to traditional cultivation measures and geographical and climatic factors The impact of low-yield long-term instability.From 1996 onwards, we improve production conditions, based on the trial, summed up and popularized the “five changes” as the center of the high yield of rice stubble cultivation techniques.In 1997 500hm ~ 2 The average yield of the project area is 7103.3kg. In 1998, the average output of 1300hm ~ 2 project area is 8666.8kg. A unique cultivation technology system has been formed, which has produced remarkable economic and social benefits. ) Years ago, seedling is slow due to rice stubble soil moisture is more, the bulk density is higher, the capillary porosity is rich in non-capillary pores, is not conducive to seed germination, seedling roots, secondary root elongation and seedling growth, while soil available nutrients Low, which resulted in the rice seedling emergence rate is low, the high rate of tillering deficiency and seedling growth before winter, drought resistance and cold resistance is also poor. (B) spring Meng Meng wheat in late February green, Growth will accelerate in mid-March After freezing and thawing in winter, it eliminates the compaction, solves the contradiction between water and gas, promotes the activities of soil microorganisms, accelerates the conversion and release of nutrients, and creates good conditions for the growth of wheat seedlings. However, it also provides pest and disease resistance and lodging (C) the late premature premature Wheat late growth stage, is the rice seedling, at the same time affected by the lake level, the groundwater level is high all year round, soil moisture, resulting in premature root failure, grain weight is not high.