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多年观察表明,客车的平均寿命,即从制成直至报废所运用的时间,就其磨损程度实际上低于规定标准。最近几年,对实际寿命进一步缩短的趋势进行了认真研究。客车报废的主要原因是车体腐蚀。例如,1981年,报废车辆中,有75％的开敞式客车、74％的包间式客车和80％的餐车,是其车顶、墙板和地板腐蚀破损严重。在运用期间,修理所耗金属超过36t,即几乎等于新造所需要的金属。仅全金属车辆枕外部分的金属地板每经8～10年大修时即需更换。为防止车体内表面腐蚀,使用了各种成
Years of observations have shown that the average life of a passenger car, from the time it is made until it is scrapped, is actually less than its specified level of wear. In recent years, the trend toward further shortening of actual life has been carefully studied. Bus scrap is mainly due to body corrosion. For example, in 1981, 75% of open vehicles, 74% private cabins and 80% dining cars were scrapped, resulting in severe damage to their roofs, walls and floors. During operation, the metal used to repair more than 36t, which is almost equal to the required new metal. Only metal parts of the metal pillow outer metal floor by 8 to 10 years when the need to replace the overhaul. In order to prevent the car body surface corrosion, using a variety of into