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【目的】研究新疆乌恰县气候因子与葡萄延晚栽培的关系,及延晚栽培模式下葡萄果实成熟期叶片光合作用,探讨设施葡萄延晚栽培生理生态特性,为改进设施光照调节手段,建立高效优质栽培模式提供依据。【方法】分析乌恰县气候因子和延晚栽培条件下温室环境因子,以木纳格和红地球葡萄为试材,用TPS-2光合作用系统测定葡萄叶片光合作用参数,利用直角双曲线修正模型计算光合作用的光饱和点、补偿点、暗呼吸速率等参数。【结果】乌恰县最热月最高气温27℃,最低气温14℃;最冷月最高气温-1℃,最低气温-14℃,11月至翌年2月最低气温均在-6℃以下。果实转色至成熟期间,温室日平均气温在15.3~20℃,果实成熟后挂树期间在8.4~17.6℃;木纳格葡萄叶片光合作用的光饱和点和补偿点分别是945.6和40.5μmol/(m2·s),红地球葡萄分别是1 058和55.6μmol/(m2·s);两个品种最大光合速率为5.4和5.8μmol/(m2·s)。【结论】(1)乌恰县冷凉的气候既能满足葡萄休眠的低温需求,又能满足葡萄生长和结果,并保证成熟;(2)果实成熟后挂树低温保存,可延迟至1月中旬采收;(3)葡萄延晚栽培叶片光合速率低于露地栽培,弱光利用率属于中低水平,并存在光合午休现象;(4)副梢功能叶的光合速率显著高于衰老叶片。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between climatic factors and late grapes cultivation in Wuqia County, Xinjiang, and the photosynthesis of grapes during ripening stage of late grapes in late-maturing cultivation. Physiological and ecological characteristics of late grapes were discussed. Efficient and efficient cultivation mode to provide the basis. 【Method】 The greenhouse environmental factors in Wuqia County under climatic factors and late-season cultivation were analyzed. The photosynthesis parameters of grape leaves were determined by TPS-2 photosynthesis system using Moghul and Red Globe as test materials, The model calculates the photosynthesis light saturation point, compensation point, dark respiration rate and other parameters. 【Result】 The highest temperature of the hottest month in Wuqia County was 27 ℃ with the lowest temperature of 14 ℃. The highest temperature of the coldest month was -1 ℃ and the lowest temperature was -14 ℃. The lowest temperature from November to February was below -6 ℃. During fruit color change to ripening, the daily average temperature in greenhouse was 15.3-20 ℃, and the tree maturity was 8.4-17.6 ℃. The light saturation point and compensation point of photosynthesis of grape leaves were 945.6 and 40.5μmol / (m2 · s) and red globe grapes were 1 058 and 55.6 μmol / (m2 · s), respectively. The maximum photosynthetic rate of the two cultivars was 5.4 and 5.8 μmol / (m2 · s), respectively. 【Conclusion】 (1) The cool climate in Wuqia County not only meets the hypothermic needs of grape dormancy, but also meets the growth and fructification of grape and guarantees its ripeness. (2) Cryopreservation of hanging trees can be postponed until January (3) The leaf photosynthetic rate of late grafting was lower than that of open field, the low light utilization rate was at medium and low level, and there was photosynthesis midday depression. (4) The photosynthetic rate of functional leaves of secondary shoots was significantly higher than that of aged leaves.