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自由意志虽然是一个古老的哲学问题,但其仍然为当今哲学界热议。随着神经科学的发展,自由意志受到了不少怀疑论者和决定论者的挑战,这些观点认为,人的自由意志是不存在的。但约翰·塞尔从神经生物学的角度提出了自由意志存在的依据,阐述大脑——意识——身体之间的关系,认为意识是大脑在神经生物学上的特征,大脑通过意识指挥人类身体进行活动,在这个过程中存在一个不具备决定性因果关系和带有副现象的间隔。因此,约翰·塞尔对从神经生物学上对自由意志存在的肯定,一定程度上肯定了自由意志的存在,并拓宽了自由意志的探讨范围。
Although free will is an ancient philosophical issue, it still remains a hot topic for today’s philosophical community. With the development of neuroscience, free will has been challenged by many skeptics and determinists who believe that human free will does not exist. However, John Searle proposed the basis for the existence of free will from the point of view of neurobiology. He explained the relationship between the brain-consciousness-body, that consciousness is the neurobiological feature of the brain and that the brain guides the human body through consciousness In doing so, there is an interval in the process that does not have a decisive causal relationship with secondary phenomena. Therefore, John Selby affirmed the existence of free will from neurobiology to a certain extent, and broadened the scope of the exploration of free will.