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目的:探讨小潮气量机械通气治疗小儿重症肺炎的疗效及对血清降钙素原（PCT）、转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）水平的影响。方法:选择2016年5月至2019年6月德州市人民医院收治的重症肺炎患儿63例为研究对象，根据随机数字表法分为两组，均采用压力控制模式机械通气，对照组采用常规潮气量（10~12 mL/kg），观察组采用小潮气量（6~8 mL/kg）。比较两组动脉血气指标、血清PCT、TGF-β水平、不良事件发生率、机械通气时间、病死率。结果:使用呼吸机后，两组动脉血气指标均显著改善，且观察组上机24 h后动脉血氧分压（PaOn 2）［（135.26±8.62）mmHg比（100.26±5.44）mmHg］、pH值［（7.39±0.22）比（7.18±0.20）］、氧合指数（P/F）［（408.62±6.62）mmHg比（328.62±5.11）mmHg］均显著高于对照组，二氧化碳分压（PaCOn 2）［（40.05±1.62）mmHg比（48.62±2.11）mmHg］显著低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（n t=19.202、3.961、53.572、18.117，均n P<0.05）。上机后两组血清PCT、TGF-β水平均显著改善，且观察组上机24 h后血清TGF-β［（1.25±0.11）ng/L］显著高于对照组［（3.66±0.28）ng/L］，血清PCT［（278.62±10.64）ng/L］显著低于对照组［（205.26±9.44）ng/L］，差异均有统计学意义（n t=45.229，28.914，均n P<0.05）。观察组不良事件发生率（6.25%）显著低于对照组（29.03%），差异有统计学意义（χn 2=5.671，n P<0.05）。观察组机械通气时间［（5.26±0.16）d］显著短于对照组［（7.28±0.33）d］，差异有统计学意义（n t=31.068，n P0.05）。n 结论:重症肺炎患儿采纳小潮气量（6~8 mL/kg）机械通气治疗，可有效改善动脉血气指标，抑制血清PCT高表达，升高血清TGF-β，缩短机械通气时间，降低不良事件发生率。“,”Objective:To investigate the efficacy of low tidal volume ventilation in the treatment of children with severe pneumonia and its effect on serum levels of procalcitonin and transforming growth factor-beta.Methods:Sixty-three children with severe pneumonia who received treatment in Dezhou People's Hospital from May 2016 to June 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to undergo pressure control ventilation with a conventional tidal volume of 10-12 mL/kg (control group) or a low tidal volume of 6-8 mL/kg (observation group). Arterial blood gas indices, serum levels of procalcitonin and transforming growth factor-beta, incidence of adverse events, duration of ventilation, and mortality were compared between the control and observation groups.Results:After mechanical ventilation, arterial blood gas indices in both groups were significantly improved. At 24 hours after mechanical ventilation, partial pressure of oxygen [(135.26 ± 8.62) mmHg n vs. (100.26 ± 5.44) mmHg], pH value [(7.39 ± 0.22) n vs. (7.18 ± 0.20)] and PaOn 2/FiOn 2 [(408.62 ± 6.62) mmHg vs. (328.62 ± 5.11) mmHg] in the observation group were significantly higher compared with the control group (n t = 19.202, 3.961, 53.572, all n P < 0.05). At 24 hours after mechanical ventilation, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the observation group was signifiantly lower than that in the control group [(40.05 ± 1.62) mmHg n vs. (48.62±2.11) mmHg, 18.117, P < 0.05]. After mechanical ventilation, serum levels of procalcitonin and transforming growth factor-beta were significantly improved. At 24 hours after mechanical ventilation, serum level of transforming growth factor-beta in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(1.25 ± 0.11) ng/L n vs. (3.66 ± 0.28) ng/L, n t = 45.229, n P < 0.05], and serum level of procalcitonin in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(278.62 ± 10.64) ng/L n vs. (205.26 ± 9.44) ng/L, n t = 28.914, n P < 0.05]. The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (6.25% n vs. 29.03%, χn 2 = 5.671, n P < 0.05). Duration of ventilation in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(5.26 ± 0.16) d n vs. (7.28 ± 0.33) d, n t = 31.068, n P 0.05).n Conclusion:Low tidal volume (6-8 mL/kg) ventilation for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children can effectively improve arterial blood gas indices, reduce serum level of procalcitonin, increase serum level of transforming growth factor-beta, shorten duration of ventilation, and decrease the incidence of adverse events.