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在发达国家,一般把现代科学的研究,分为基础研究,应用研究和开发研究三个环节。而开发研究(即工程技术的研究)是技术科学研究成果物化为现实生产力的重要环节,也是检验科研成果和发展科学技术理论的重要环节。开发研究作为现代科学研究体系的一个独立环节出现之后,它便成为世界各国实现工业化和科学技术发展的主要途径。日本战后不久发表的《技术白皮书》说,日本工业在技术上比美国落后二十年。三十多年来,
In developed countries, the research of modern science is generally divided into basic research, applied research and development and research. The development and research (ie, the research of engineering technology) is an important part of the technicalization of scientific research results into practical productivity, and it is also an important link in the inspection of scientific research achievements and the development of scientific and technological theories. After development and research emerged as an independent link in the modern scientific research system, it has become the main way for countries in the world to realize industrialization and scientific and technological development. The “Technical White Paper” published shortly after the Japanese war said that Japanese industries are technically twenty years behind the United States. For over thirty years,