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目的:通过收集确诊及排除的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者病历资料，分析其病例特点并拟定可疑患者急诊发热门诊筛查流程。方法:回顾性收集2020年1月19日至1月26日于北京协和医院发热门诊筛查的有流行病学史及呼吸系统症状或有发热症状的患者临床资料，根据鼻咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸检测（实时逆转录聚合酶链反应方法，real time RT-PCR）结果确诊或除外新型冠状病毒感染，收集并分析患者的流行病学特征、临床表现、实验室检查及影像学特征。结果:共筛查46例患者，其中9例为新型冠状病毒感染患者，37例为排除新型冠状病毒感染患者。新型冠状病毒感染患者于发病前2周内有武汉旅居史的比例较高（n P0.05）。新型冠状病毒感染患者最常见的临床表现是发热（100%），但该症状在两组间差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05），其他症状如咳嗽、咳痰、咽痛等两组间差异亦无统计学意义（n P>0.05）。新型冠状病毒感染患者白细胞计数低于非新型冠状病毒感染患者（n P0.05). Laboratory-confirmed patients had lower white blood cell count than the laboratory-excluded patients (n P<0.05), and all of them had pneumonia in chest CT scan. None of the patients with normal chest CT had positive novel coronavirus nucleic acid test.n Conclusions:No specific symptom is helpful in the diagnosis of novel coronavirus infection. However, patients without chest CT scan changes have a very low risk of novel coronavirus infection despite of the epidemiologic history and fever. We recommended a screening procedure that might help to reduce the rate of miss diagnosis and improve screening efficiency.