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中国人讲究人活一世,总要留下些痕迹,所谓“人过留名,雁过留声”,于是有太上立德,其次立功,其次立言的说法,叫做“三不朽”。作为鼓励人们或以德行、或以功业、或以著述立身,原本没有什么不好。所以中国古代凡真正能称得起“不朽”的人,在他死后,通过有关部门考核,经过最高当局批准,立一块碑,供人学习,供人凭吊,虽已略嫌做作,但在那样的社会也还说得过去。碑者,悲也,原是为死人设的。但弄到后来,不管是否有德有功有言,也不管死了还是活着,更无须审核批准,只要有权或有钱,都弄一块石碑,编造一些所谓事迹,刻在上头,以为石头不烂,人也“不朽”,就迹近无聊甚或无耻了。清初学者顾炎武说:“今世立碑不必请旨,而
Chinese people pay attention to people’s lives and I always leave some traces. The so-called “people make a name for themselves and goose left no sound,” so there is too much virtue, followed by meritorious service, followed by straightforward argument, called “immortality.” There is nothing wrong with encouraging people either by morality, by merit, or by writing. Therefore, in ancient China, those who can truly claim the “immortality” in ancient China passed the examinations by the relevant departments and the approval of the highest authorities after the death of him, setting up a monument for people to learn and for people to pay for it. Though somewhat modest and controversial, That kind of society is also justified. Benefactor, sad also, originally designed for the dead. However, later on, no matter whether there is a virtue in the world, no matter whether it is dead or alive, there is no need for examination and approval. As long as the people have the right or the money, they will get a stone tablet and fabricate some so-called deeds. , People are also “immortal”, to the near boring or even shameless. Gu Yanwu, a scholar in early Qing, said: "Today’s erection does not have to ask for permission