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[目的]研究控蘖剂对超级早稻品种金优458生长发育及产量形成的影响。[方法]试验设喷施控蘖剂和喷施清水两种处理,研究了控蘖剂对产量及其构成因素,稻株形态,孕穗期田间小气候及群体质量特征的影响。[结果]喷施控蘖剂处理能显著减少无效和低效分蘖的发生,增加高峰苗期分蘖构成中高效分蘖(单茎4叶及以上分蘖)所占比重。喷施控蘖剂处理的穗长、穗粒数、穗着粒密度、二次枝粳数及着生其上的二次颖花数及结实率均显著高于未喷施控蘖剂的对照。同时喷施控蘖剂能增加株高,中后期群体生物量和叶面积指数,提高孕穗期上三叶叶温和群体的透光性,增加叶片SPAD值,从而增强光合作用能力,但也表现出稻株节间长度增加,茎秆粗度减小等特点。[结论]喷控蘖剂措施处理最终表现为茎蘖成穗率、有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重协调上升而增加产量。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effect of tiller on the growth and yield of super early rice Jinyou 458. [Method] Two treatments of spraying tiller and spraying fresh water were applied to study the effects of tiller on yield and its components, rice plant morphology, microclimate in the field at booting stage and population quality characteristics. [Result] Spraying the tiller treatment could significantly reduce the occurrence of ineffective and inefficient tillering, and increase the proportion of high efficient tillering (single stem 4 leaves and tillering) in the tillering peak height seedling stage. Spike length, number of grains per spike, grain density per spike, number of secondary branches and the number of secondary spikelets and seed setting rate of the treated tillers were significantly higher than those of the untreated control . At the same time, spraying the tiller could increase plant height, mid and late population biomass and leaf area index, improve the translucency of mild population of the top three leaves at booting stage and increase the leaf SPAD value, thus enhancing the photosynthesis ability, but also showed Internode length increased, stems reduce the thickness and other characteristics. [Conclusion] The final performance of spraying and tillering treatments was that the tillering rate, the effective panicles, the grains per spike, the seed setting rate and the 1000-grain weight increased and the yield increased.