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脑缺血性损伤是伴随着炎症反应或细胞死亡而发生的氧化应激和兴奋毒性损伤的动态过程,往往需几天、几周甚至更长时间达到高峰。对于损伤发生的各个环节的神经保护的研究一直备受关注,近些年来缺氧预适应(hypoxia preconditioning,HP)对缺血性脑损伤的神经保护作用被明确提出并得到了广泛的研究。本文简要介绍HP在体内、体外研究现状,并尝试将其神经保护机制在细胞、亚细胞、蛋白质、亚分子和离子、代谢及基因等不同水平和层面的研究进展综述如下。
Cerebral ischemic injury is a dynamic process of oxidative stress and excitotoxic damage accompanied by inflammatory reaction or cell death, and often peaks in days, weeks or even longer. The research of neuroprotection in all aspects of injury has drawn great attention. In recent years, the neuroprotective effect of hypoxia preconditioning (HP) on ischemic brain injury has been clearly proposed and extensively studied. This article briefly introduces the status quo of HP in vivo and in vitro studies and attempts to summarize the progress of its neuroprotective mechanisms at different levels and levels of cells, subcellular, proteins, sub-molecules and ions, metabolism and genes as follows.