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以“南杂系列二号”黄瓜为试材,于2014—2015年在南京信息工程大学农业气象试验站开展控制试验,设计3个日最高气温处理(36、39、42℃),以最高温度25℃为对照(CK),所有处理日最低气温设计18℃;不同处理设计持续时间1、3、5、7d;研究黄瓜花期高温对叶片光合特性以及果实外观品质和内在品质的影响。结果表明:各处理黄瓜叶片的光饱和点、最大光合速率、表观量子效率,以日最高气温42℃处理7d最低,分别较CK减少了59.6%、72.5%、70.1%,光补偿点则呈相反的趋势;在日最高气温36~42℃内,随高温胁迫程度的增加黄瓜的果质量、最小果径、最大果径、含水率均呈减小的趋势,39℃处理7d对果实外在品质影响最为严重,分别较CK减小了24.2%、20.9%、32.4%、1.4%;花期高温胁迫下,果实维生素C含量随胁迫程度的增加呈降低的趋势,39℃处理7d较CK减少了11.3%;可溶性糖含量则随胁迫程度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势;果实可溶性蛋白质含量随处理温度升高和持续时间延长呈现出降低趋势;研究认为高温胁迫下黄瓜花期植株叶片光合能力降低,且随着高温胁迫加剧和时间的延长,其降低幅度逐渐增大,果实质量变小,果实可溶性糖含量升高,短期高温胁迫促进果实可溶性蛋白质含量的合成,随胁迫时间延长,可溶性蛋白质含量减少;该研究结果可为设施黄瓜的气温调控提供参考依据。
Taking “Nanza Series No.2” cucumber as test material, control experiment was conducted at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Experiment Station from 2014 to 2015. The maximum daily temperature of 36 days (36, 39 and 42 ℃) The maximum temperature of 25 ℃ was CK. The minimum temperature of all treatment days was designed as 18 ℃. The duration of different treatments was 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. The effects of high temperature on the photosynthetic characteristics and the appearance and quality of cucumber were studied. The results showed that the light saturation point, maximum photosynthetic rate and apparent quantum yield of cucumber leaves were the lowest at the highest daily temperature of 42 ℃ for 7 days, which were respectively 59.6%, 72.5% and 70.1% less than that of CK, and the light compensation point was The highest fruit temperature, the lowest fruit diameter, the largest fruit diameter and the water content decreased with the increase of the degree of high temperature stress. Under the treatment of 39 ℃ for 7 days, Compared with CK, the content of vitamin C decreased by 24.2%, 20.9%, 32.4% and 1.4%, respectively. Under high temperature stress, the content of vitamin C in fruit decreased with the increase of stress degree, 11.3%, respectively. Soluble sugar content increased first and then decreased with the increase of stress degree. Soluble protein content showed a decreasing trend with the increase of treatment temperature and duration. The results showed that under high temperature stress, photosynthetic capacity of cucumber leaves Decreased with the increase of high temperature stress and the prolongation of time. The decrease of fruit quality, the decrease of fruit quality, the increase of soluble sugar content in fruit, the short-term high temperature stress promoted the synthesis of soluble protein content in fruit, Prolonged stress, reduce the soluble protein content; the results could provide reference for the climate controls cucumber.