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摘要：《德伯家的苔絲》被称为英国文学和世界文学的瑰宝，出版于十九世纪末，作者是英国伟大的批判现实主义作家。该文章主要通过对社会环境的描写，再从人物性格和当时宗教原因着手，由此揭露出苔丝悲惨命运是那个社会的思想，传统，秩序的局限所造成的。所以，作为普通人的苔丝与当时社会的抗争是无助的，最终会像所有一切与道德伦理相桲的事物一样，沦为社会的牺牲品。
关键词：悲；伦理道德；人性；宿命论；牺牲品
【中图分类号】 G642 【文献标识码】 B 【文章编号】 1671-1297（2013）01-0240-01
1. Introduction
Tess of the D'Urbervilles was written by Thomas Hardy at the end of the 19th century. In the middle of the 19th century， capital system had already established and was firmly planted in England， and it was during the so-called summit period of Victorian age.
2. The status of women in Tess's time
2.1 Women's status in Tess's parents' eyes
In Tess' s mother， Joan Durbeyfield' s eyes， the beauty of her daughter was a “trump card”（Hardy， 2004： 57）， so she hoped Tess could marry their rich relative with the beauty. There were no better things than that “if she plays her trump card aright.” （ Hardy， 2004： 57）It is an indubitable truth that beauty is not an everlasting thing， and it is certain to disappear some day. Beautiful women were always the ones hurt by men most early and easily.And Tess's father， many times， he didn't worry about safety of her daughter at all， but worried about his noble family， name， class and fame. In Tess's parents' eyes， money and fame were much more important than anything else. From their mind and deeds， we could see the deep， traditional and prejudiced view towards women at that time.
2.2 Women's status
2.2.1 Virginity and women's status
A woman without virginity， even though she was the victim， could not be accepted. But the same experience of men， or even worse experience， could be understood and accepted. This also obviously denied the status of women. Tess considered Angel as a supernatural man who came to protect her. But the superman could not get rid of the worldly absurd opinion. If we say Alec destroyed Tess's life， it must be considered physically. The hurt by Angel was sure to destroy Tess's life thoroughly. That must be considered mentally which was much more painful. The hurt was in her soul.
2.2.2 Women in Tess's eyes
From many chapters， we could see Tess herself could not go out from that society and status. She obeyed religious rules and social concepts unconditionally and unconsciously as other women did. All in all， in that kind of society women looked down themselves unconsciously and accepted the conventions unconditionally. The traditional values of morality and virginity were firmly planted in women's mind. Tess was not only a victim of men， but also of women's own personalities. 3. Conclusion
Men-centered society and capitalism are the spearheads of Hardy's criticism. The novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles took place within a certain period of time， which helped to form the tragedy. The story of Tess was an example of a more general case that Hardy wished to argue about the nature of human's life. By its nature， human society was conventional. From all above， we can draw a conclusion that women were subordinate to men and their status was very humble. They were victims of men-centered society in Victorian age.
Bibliography
[1] Hardy， Thomas. Tess of The D'Urbervilles [M]. Beijing： Central compilation and translation press，2004
[2] Kramer， Dale. Thomas Hardy[M]. 上海： 上海外語教育出版社，2000
[3] Milligan， Ian. The Novel in English [M]. London： The Macmillan Press LTD， 1983
[4] P.C.Pettit， Charles. New Perspective on Thomas Hardy[M]. Great Britain： Ipswich Book Co Ltd， Ipswich， Suffolk， 1994
[5] Wotton， George. Thomas Hardy Towards Materialist Criticism[M]. Ireland： Gill and Macmillan Ltd， 1985
[6] 富华. 活在名著中的女性[M].宁夏：宁夏人民出版社，2004
[7] 侯艳玲. 苔丝悲剧的起源[M].http：//www.blog.sina.com.cn
关键词：悲；伦理道德；人性；宿命论；牺牲品
【中图分类号】 G642 【文献标识码】 B 【文章编号】 1671-1297（2013）01-0240-01
1. Introduction
Tess of the D'Urbervilles was written by Thomas Hardy at the end of the 19th century. In the middle of the 19th century， capital system had already established and was firmly planted in England， and it was during the so-called summit period of Victorian age.
2. The status of women in Tess's time
2.1 Women's status in Tess's parents' eyes
In Tess' s mother， Joan Durbeyfield' s eyes， the beauty of her daughter was a “trump card”（Hardy， 2004： 57）， so she hoped Tess could marry their rich relative with the beauty. There were no better things than that “if she plays her trump card aright.” （ Hardy， 2004： 57）It is an indubitable truth that beauty is not an everlasting thing， and it is certain to disappear some day. Beautiful women were always the ones hurt by men most early and easily.And Tess's father， many times， he didn't worry about safety of her daughter at all， but worried about his noble family， name， class and fame. In Tess's parents' eyes， money and fame were much more important than anything else. From their mind and deeds， we could see the deep， traditional and prejudiced view towards women at that time.
2.2 Women's status
2.2.1 Virginity and women's status
A woman without virginity， even though she was the victim， could not be accepted. But the same experience of men， or even worse experience， could be understood and accepted. This also obviously denied the status of women. Tess considered Angel as a supernatural man who came to protect her. But the superman could not get rid of the worldly absurd opinion. If we say Alec destroyed Tess's life， it must be considered physically. The hurt by Angel was sure to destroy Tess's life thoroughly. That must be considered mentally which was much more painful. The hurt was in her soul.
2.2.2 Women in Tess's eyes
From many chapters， we could see Tess herself could not go out from that society and status. She obeyed religious rules and social concepts unconditionally and unconsciously as other women did. All in all， in that kind of society women looked down themselves unconsciously and accepted the conventions unconditionally. The traditional values of morality and virginity were firmly planted in women's mind. Tess was not only a victim of men， but also of women's own personalities. 3. Conclusion
Men-centered society and capitalism are the spearheads of Hardy's criticism. The novel Tess of the D'Urbervilles took place within a certain period of time， which helped to form the tragedy. The story of Tess was an example of a more general case that Hardy wished to argue about the nature of human's life. By its nature， human society was conventional. From all above， we can draw a conclusion that women were subordinate to men and their status was very humble. They were victims of men-centered society in Victorian age.
Bibliography
[1] Hardy， Thomas. Tess of The D'Urbervilles [M]. Beijing： Central compilation and translation press，2004
[2] Kramer， Dale. Thomas Hardy[M]. 上海： 上海外語教育出版社，2000
[3] Milligan， Ian. The Novel in English [M]. London： The Macmillan Press LTD， 1983
[4] P.C.Pettit， Charles. New Perspective on Thomas Hardy[M]. Great Britain： Ipswich Book Co Ltd， Ipswich， Suffolk， 1994
[5] Wotton， George. Thomas Hardy Towards Materialist Criticism[M]. Ireland： Gill and Macmillan Ltd， 1985
[6] 富华. 活在名著中的女性[M].宁夏：宁夏人民出版社，2004
[7] 侯艳玲. 苔丝悲剧的起源[M].http：//www.blog.sina.com.cn