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Rock burst is a catastrophic dynamic disaster caused by sudden failure and instability of coal,loading paths play an important role in the failure of coal,the coal failure process is associated with charge exception information.Hence,violent coal failure mechanics and time-frequency domain distribution of charge signal such as rock burst under different loading paths should be studied in-depth.In this paper,grade and cyclic loading test were carried out for coal with impact tendency samples produced by blocks cored from 800 depth in Xiaoqing coal mine of the Tiefa coal group in northeast China.Theory discussion was carried out for the result of stress and strain,frequency-spectra analysis was conducted for the wavelet charge data,figures showing the evolution mechanism of mechanical properties and the relationship of timefrequency domain amplitude of charge signals in coal with different loading paths and stage were obtained.The failure process and characteristics of coal under different loading paths were summarized.It found that the loading path changed the manner of energy accelerate-release,there were more plastic strain generation in coal under cyclic loading than that under grade loading,the former was more likely to cause greater damage and failure,then the strength of coal under cyclic loading is generally lower than that under grade loading,an energy conversion mechanical model of stress,damage and deformation was developed and explained the effect of the loading path.Charge signal was primarily distributed in the strengthening and peak stages,where there was a high amplitude pulse at each stress drop.The charge pulse was a type of low frequency signal with a primary frequency distribution range of 1-100 Hz.Discussion on the charge generating mechanism from the perspective of friction slip,it demonstrated that the charge obtained during the coal failure process directly to stress loaded on and damage,the result verified it better.We propose that the research results in this study could be efficiently applied to daily mining activities,to provide an early waing and effectively avoid rock burst disaster.